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What is Autism?
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference that influences how a person experiences, understands and interacts with the world around them.
Every autistic person is different. Autism can shape communication, social interaction, sensory processing, the need for predictability and the way someone develops interests or engages with activities.
Some people are identified as autistic in childhood, while others are diagnosed later in life — particularly if they have learned to mask or camouflage aspects of themselves.
Social communication
differences
Autistic people may communicate, connect with others and understand social situations in different ways.
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They may:
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need more time to process information, particularly in busy or fast-moving conversations
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interpret language more literally or find sarcasm, jokes and implied meanings less clear
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find facial expressions, tone of voice, body language or other unspoken social cues less intuitive
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use eye contact differently or find sustained eye contact uncomfortable
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prefer direct and clear communication
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find small talk less natural or prefer conversations about meaningful or shared interests
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feel socially overwhelmed or need time to recover after spending time with others
Autistic people can experience emotions and empathy deeply. Differences may be more about how emotions are recognised, communicated or expressed than whether someone cares about other people.
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Friendships and relationships can also look different from person to person. Some autistic people enjoy large social networks, while others prefer a small number of close relationships or more time alone.
Repetition, routines and predictability
Many autistic people find routine, familiarity and predictability reassuring.
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Knowing what to expect can help reduce uncertainty and create a sense of comfort and regulation. Unexpected changes, transitions or unclear plans may therefore require more adjustment or feel particularly stressful.
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Autistic people may also use repetitive movements, sounds or actions, sometimes referred to as stimming. This might include rocking, moving the hands or fingers, repeating sounds or using objects in a repetitive way.
Stimming can be enjoyable, help with concentration, support emotional regulation or provide comfort when someone feels overwhelmed. It does not automatically need to be discouraged or stopped.
Sensory sensitivities
Many autistic people experience sensory information differently.
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They may be particularly sensitive to:
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sounds
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tastes
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textures
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smells
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bright lights
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touch
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temperature or movement
Sensory experiences that other people barely notice may sometimes feel intense, distracting or overwhelming.
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Autistic people may also actively seek particular sensory experiences because they feel enjoyable, calming or regulating - for example certain textures, movements, sounds or pressure.
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Understanding a person's sensory preferences and needs can make a significant difference to their comfort and wellbeing.
Highly focused interests or hobbies
Many autistic people develop strong or highly focused interests. These can involve almost any topic - such as a television programme, animals, sport, history, transport, music, art, gaming or a particular area of knowledge.
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What may be distinctive is the depth of interest, the enjoyment it brings, the amount of knowledge someone develops or the important role it plays in their everyday life.
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Focused interests can be a source of pleasure, expertise, confidence and connection with other people.
Wondering whether autism may be part of the picture?
You do not need to be certain before seeking an assessment.
If you are wondering whether you, or your child, may be autistic, we can talk through what you have noticed and explain what a comprehensive autism assessment involves.
Get in touch for a free 15-minute consultation.